![]() PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ODORS IN RECYCLED PLASTICS (Machine-translation by Googl
专利摘要:
Procedure and system for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials that includes the stages of separation and packaging of the plastic; grinding of the plastic by means of a shredder of blades that reduces the plastic to dust-size particles; chemical washing with surfactant that is carried out in a stirrer tank, rinsing the plastic material to remove dirt and chemicals used, that is carried out in a rinsing reactor; mechanical drying of clean material in a dryer; and deodorization of plastic, where volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are extracted from the clean and dry material by steam entrainment, and where deodorization is carried out in a steam distillation column, and where the VOC-free plastic comes out of the bottom of that column. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) 公开号:ES2798049A1 申请号:ES201930501 申请日:2019-06-04 公开日:2020-12-04 发明作者:Font Andres Fullana;Gil Andrea Cabanes 申请人:Universidad de Alicante; IPC主号:
专利说明:
[0004] Field of the invention [0006] The present invention refers to a procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials from the extraction of volatile organic compounds by steam distillation, in addition to defining the system required for this. [0008] The present invention falls within the processes of eliminating odors in plastics, and specifically refers to a process that uses steam to clean plastics from domestic and industrial waste. [0010] The objective of the invention is to eliminate pollutants, and with them, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that impart a bad smell to recycled plastics. This process is carried out from the extraction of VOCs by vapor entrainment. This invention applies to plastics of varied nature, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), etc. from plastic waste, whether of industrial or domestic origin. [0012] State of the art [0014] It is known that the demand for plastic packaging is increasing and with it the volume of plastic in landfills. While plastic waste from industries can be treated by mechanical recycling obtaining a reusable high-quality material as polymeric raw material, domestic plastic waste has a high content of food waste and cleaning products that are absorbed into the polymeric matrix, becoming pollutants and cause of bad odor. These odoriferous substances are volatile organic compounds that currently cannot be removed by conventional washing, which limits their reuse as raw material for products for outdoor use. [0016] Currently, conventional mechanical recycling consists of a selective classification of plastic waste based on the nature of the polymer, washing with water, which can be add reagents such as soda, surfactants and oxidants, and finally it goes through a mechanical drying stage prior to the extrusion stage where the recycled pellets are obtained. There are various additives that can be added during the extrusion stage in order to encapsulate or extract the VOCs contained in the polymeric matrix, but which have not been shown to be effective in eliminating odor. [0018] In this sense, some documents are known that are related to this concept, such as patent CN104552866, which refers to a process for washing plastic material from a high-speed stirring tank, which then passes by an extruder where the plastic is melted and purified water is added, which forms an azeotrope with the melted plastic mixture. The azeotrope is discharged together with the volatiles of the plastic and the water vapor through the vacuum outlet of the extruder, so that the intensity of the polymer's odor is reduced. [0020] The invention is also known. WO0110721 refers to a method of reducing odors by ionizing rays in an atmosphere that is not necessarily inert. [0022] The JPS58196235 invention refers to a washing process in which polyolefins are washed with hot water containing dissolved oxygen to remove odors from plastic. [0024] The invention CN107627487 refers to a washing process to eliminate odors in plastic waste. The process consists of the stages of chopping the plastic waste; washing with neutral surfactant and subsequent rinsing; washing with sodium hydroxide and subsequent rinsing; degradation of the plastic particles by hyphae fungi and subsequent rinsing and drying; (v) grinding the plastic particles to powder size; mixing of the plastic powder with a sodium hydroxide solution and subsequent rinsing; extrusion of the powder material to obtain the pellets. [0026] Taking into account the existing background in this field of the art, no processes are known that are based on the elimination of odors by means of steam entrainment. Through this process of eliminating odors in plastics from domestic and industrial waste, it is possible to solve the problems of conventional washing and to increase the reuse of said plastics as raw material for products for later use. [0027] Description of the invention [0029] As previously stated, due to the continuous increase in the use of plastic products, the generation of this waste has become a global problem in today's society, so its recycling and its subsequent use as raw material is a necessity. if you want to reduce plastic in landfills. At the same time, using plastic as a raw material allows a reduction in production costs in the industries of the sector, in addition to increasing the added value of the product, since awareness about the care of the environment and with it the demand is increasing. of recycled products in the market. [0031] The aim of the present invention is to increase the quality of recycled plastics after eliminating odors by extracting volatile organic compounds with water vapor. These organic compounds are found both inside the polymeric matrix and on the surface of the plastic. The solution that is described in detail below is based on the fact that steam extraction favors the internal diffusion of volatile compounds due to the working temperature, as well as decreases the boiling point of volatile organic compounds as they are immiscible with the water and, therefore, favors its evaporation from the surface of the polymer to the gas phase and consequent elimination. [0033] For this, the process requires a system or equipment that comprises means for selecting and crushing the material, among which a separation system and a blade crusher stand out; washing means, among which a washing tank, a rinsing tank and a dryer stand out; and a deodorization module, which consists of a system for eliminating the volatile organic compounds contained in the plastic and recovering them. [0035] This deodorization module is a hermetically closed circuit that allows temperature control and heat recovery. Within this system there is a column where the plastic to be deodorized is inserted, in which the plastic moves in countercurrent with the steam that enters through the base of the column and exits through the head. At this point it must be taken into account that the boiling point of volatile organic compounds is always below the boiling point of water and therefore, working at atmospheric pressure, it is enough to feed the module with steam at 100 degrees. In case it works Above atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of water increases and with it the temperature of the system, but you should always work below the plastic degradation temperature. As for the flow rate, it depends on the dimensions of the reactor, therefore, this invention is not limited to a range of flow rates. [0037] The vapor that comes out at the top of the column after having been in contact with the recycled plastic and containing VOCs passes through a droplet separator that allows the organic phase contained to be eliminated. The droplet separator is a separate unit from the distillation column and in it the condensation of organic compounds takes place, that is, the organic compounds are trapped in the droplet separator by condensation while the clean, aqueous phase remains in the form steam. [0039] The part of steam that remains clean is returned to the steam boiler directly and the liquid part containing water and VOCs is taken to an isothermal tank, where the aqueous phase is separated from the organic part by decantation. The aqueous phase is fed back to the boiler, thus closing the water circuit. [0041] The organic phase is fed to a separator in which the water dissolved in the organic phase is obtained on the one hand and the organic compounds on the other. This separator can be a distillation column where the water evaporates, separating it from the organic compounds; a hydrophobic membrane where only organic compounds pass through the membrane or membrane separation by molecular size, which is possible if the size of the organic molecules differs significantly from the size of the water molecule; or equivalent devices or a combination of these. In any case, the waste water can be used to feed the boiler back, or for any other use. [0043] It has been observed that other advantages are also achieved, and that is that, generally, this organic phase is composed of essential oils that can be marketed, since these have a high value in the industry, such as limonene or pinene. If these oils are not to be marketed, the organic phase can be reused as fuel for steam generation. [0045] In any case, the development of the elimination process of VOCs that cause bad odor in domestic recycled plastic is carried out within a mechanical recycling process. It is implemented directly after the washing line or after extrusion and pelletization, as last treatment, where the stages described below are planned: [0047] - Stage 1: Separation [0048] The fraction of plastic material coming from landfill or household recycled plastic container reaches the plastic waste treatment plant and is separated by identification using near infrared electroscopy (NIR), mid infrared electroscopy (MIR), IR infrared thermography , laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS) or X-ray fluorescence. [0050] - Stage 2: Shredding [0051] The bags, films, bottles and other containers that arrive at the plant, after being separated by type of material, are introduced into a knife shredder to cut the containers into flake form, or in cases where it is required, a cryogenic mill or grinder that reduces particles to powder size. [0053] - Stage 3: Chemical washing [0054] A surfactant wash is carried out to remove dirt from the plastic material adhering to the surface. Both anionic and cationic or neutral surfactants can be used. Washing is carried out in a stirred tank type reactor. [0056] - Stage 4: Rinse [0057] The plastic material is rinsed to remove dirt and chemicals used. [0059] - Stage 5: Drying [0060] The drying stage is carried out after rinsing the plastic material to eliminate the moisture contained as much as possible. Drying will be done mechanically. [0062] - Stage 6: Deodorization [0063] This stage is carried out in the deodorization module, where the odor produced by the VOCs adhering to the already clean and dry material is eliminated. This process can be done before or after extrusion: [0064] - If the material that is introduced in the recycling process is the volatile fraction of plastic waste from bags and films, then it would be better to carry out the deodorization stage after extrusion for mechanical reasons. [0065] - In the event that at the entrance to the plant the material is rigid from bottles, then the deodorization process can be applied before or after extrusion, since said material has high density in both cases and does not volatilize giving rise to loss of material as would occur in the case of films. [0067] It is possible that the deodorization module is independent of the recycling process. In this case, the deodorization system acts as a totally independent module from the recycling process and its input into the process is the recycled pellets, that is, it is a system for improving the quality of the product already recycled by other companies. . [0069] Finally, it must be taken into account that, throughout the description and the claims, the term "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics or additional elements. Furthermore, in order to complete the description and To help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a figure is presented, where the following is represented by way of illustration and not limitation: [0071] Fig.1 is a schematic diagram of the different elements of the procedure to carry out odor removal in recycled plastic materials. [0073] Detailed description of an embodiment [0075] The procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials comprises the following stages: [0076] a) separation of recycled plastic material (P-VOCs) by identification in an identification separation plant (1); [0077] b) grinding the plastic in a grinder (2); [0078] c) chemical washing of the crushed plastic with surfactant in an agitated tank (3); [0079] d) rinsing the plastic material to remove dirt and chemicals used in chemical washing in a rinsing tank (4); [0080] e) drying the rinsed material in a mechanical dryer (5); [0081] f) deodorization of dry plastic material where: [0082] - the plastic material is introduced through the upper part (61) of a distillation column (6); [0083] - steam inlet (V), coming from a boiler (9), through the lower side (64) from the distillation column (6); [0084] - the plastic material falls by gravity along the distillation column (6), the plastic material comes into contact with the steam (V) and the organic components are removed from the plastic material by dragging; [0085] - there is an organic product (PO) outlet, comprising water vapor and organic components VOCs, through the upper side part (63) of the distillation column (6); and [0086] - VOCs free plastic (PL) exits through the lower part (62) of the distillation column (6). [0088] Taking into account the steps of the procedure, and as observed in Fig. 1, the system for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials comprises the following equipment: [0089] an identification separation plant (1) through which the plastic with VOCs (P-VOCs) enters; [0090] a crusher (2) of the blade type or cryogenic mill, reducing the plastic material; an agitated tank (3) for chemical washing, for washing the ground material with surfactant; a rinse tank (4), for rinsing the washed material; [0091] a mechanical dryer (5), for drying the rinsed material; and [0092] a deodorization module (MD) comprising: [0093] - a distillation column (6) through which the dry material enters, where the organic components of the plastic material are extracted by steam entrainment (V), and through which the VOCs and odors free plastic (PL) leaves; [0094] - a droplet separator (7) that receives the organic product (PO) extracted by steam entrainment; [0095] - an isothermal tank (8) that receives a liquid fraction (FL) obtained from the droplet separator (7); [0096] - a separator (10) that receives a part of organic product (PO ') from the isothermal tank (8); and [0097] - a steam boiler (9) feeding steam (V) to the distillation column (6); and that receives a vapor fraction (FV) from the droplet separator (7) and an aqueous phase (FA) from the isothermal tank (8). [0099] Entering the detail of each stage, and in turn, entering the detail of Figure 1, the procedure and the system required to carry out the procedure comprises: Stage 1. Separation of recycled plastic [0100] The fraction of plastic material from the landfill or from the domestic recycled plastic container (P-VOCs), where the plastic with VOCs is selected from polyethylene - PE; polypropylene - PP; and polyester- PET, is introduced into a separation system or plant by identification (1), where the material is identified by means of near infrared electroscopy - NIR; mid-infrared electroscopy - MIR; infrared infrared thermography; laser-induced plasma spectroscopy - LIBS; or X-ray fluorescence. [0102] Stage 2: Shredded [0103] Once separated, the bags, films, bottles and other containers that arrive at the plant are introduced into a shredder (2) where the size of the plastic particles is reduced. Grinder (2) which can be a blade-type grinder if it is desired to process the plastic in flake form; or it can be of the cryogenic mill type if you want to work or reduce to a particle size of less than 1 mm. [0105] Stage 3: Chemical washing [0106] The stream of chopped plastic enters the wash tank (3), where a surfactant wash is carried out to remove dirt from the plastic material adhering to the surface. Both anionic and cationic or neutral surfactants can be used. Washing is carried out in a stirred tank type reactor. [0108] Stage 4: Rinse [0109] The plastic material is rinsed to remove dirt and chemicals used. For this, the product that comes out of the chemical wash enters a rinse tank (4) to remove the chemicals used in the chemical wash and the remaining dirt, where said rinse product is water. [0111] Stage 5: Drying [0112] Once dirt and chemical compounds have been removed after rinsing, a clean material is obtained which is mechanically dried by centrifugation, pressure or compressed air in a mechanical dryer (5). Drying is at room temperature and in a closed system. In this drying stage, the moisture content is removed as much as possible, although it is not required to be completely removed. [0113] Stage 6: Deodorization [0114] The stream of clean and dry plastic product, but with an odor, is introduced into a deodorization module (MD), which comprises, among others, a distillation column (6). [0116] Said plastic with odor, and with variable size depending on the crushing, although preferably powder size, enters the head (61) of the steam distillation column and the clean product, that is, the plastic free (PL) of odors and VOCs exit the bottom (62) of the column. These plastic particles fall by gravity and are subjected to contact with steam. It is not an object of the present invention, but inside the column there may be plates or other devices that prevent direct fall and that make the particles fall more slowly and, therefore, prolonging the time of exposure to the steam. [0118] The steam (V) enters through the lower lateral part (64) of the column and exits through the upper lateral part (63) of the same. This steam (V) that enters through the lower side part (64) is fed by a steam boiler (9) adjacent to the column (6). [0120] The steam stream that comes out of the upper part (after having been in contact with the odorous plastic) contains a mixture of water vapor and organic compounds, that is, it is a mixture of organic product (PO). By means of a pipeline, this mixture is introduced into a droplet separator (7). After the droplet separator (7), the vapor fraction (FV) comes out on the one hand and the liquid fraction (FL) on the other. [0122] The steam fraction (FV) is composed of water and is recirculated to the steam boiler (9). [0124] The liquid fraction (FL) is a condensed product that is composed of the organic phase together with the water dissolved in it. This condensed product is channeled to an isothermal tank (8) in which the organic phase (FO) is separated from the aqueous phase (FA) by decantation, without the need for filters. [0126] The aqueous phase stream (FA) is made up of condensed water that is fed back into the steam boiler (9), optimizing the performance of the system. [0128] The organic phase stream (FO) contains organic compounds and water in solution. This stream is channeled to a separator (10) that separates the water (FO-2) from the rest of the organic compounds (FO-1) [0129] As previously advanced, apart from obtaining a clean product that is a VOCs and odor free plastic (PL) that is reusable for other uses (main objective of the present invention); An organic product (PO) has just been generated that is also reusable, where there is water (FO-2) that can be used externally for other uses, and can also be reused to be recirculated to the boiler (9) as well; and where there are organic remains (FO-1) composed essentially of essential oils that can be marketed, or that can even be reused as fuel for steam generation.
权利要求:
Claims (15) [1] 1. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials that comprises the following stages: a) separation of recycled plastic material (P-VOCs) by identification in an identification separation plant (1); b) grinding the plastic in a grinder (2) and reducing the size of the plastic particles; c) chemical washing of the crushed plastic with surfactant in a washing tank (3); d) rinsing the plastic material to remove dirt and chemicals used in chemical washing in a rinsing tank (4); e) drying the rinsed material in a mechanical dryer (5); f) deodorization of dry plastic material where: - the plastic material is introduced through the upper part (61) of a distillation column (6); - steam inlet (V), coming from a boiler (9), through the lower side part (64) of the distillation column (6); - the plastic material falls by gravity along the distillation column (6), the plastic material comes into contact with the steam (V) and the organic components are removed from the plastic material by dragging; - there is an organic product (PO) outlet, comprising water vapor and organic components VOCs, through the upper side part (63) of the distillation column (6); and - VOCs free plastic (PL) exits through the lower part (62) of the distillation column (6). [2] 2. Process for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic with VOCs is selected from polyethylene- PE; polypropylene - PP; and polyester - PET. [3] 3. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 1, where the identification is carried out by means of near infrared electroscopy - NIR; mid-infrared electroscopy - MIR; infrared infrared thermography; laser-induced plasma spectroscopy - LIBS; or X-ray fluorescence. [4] 4. Process for eliminating odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 1, where the surfactant is of the cationic, anionic or neutral type. [5] 5. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 1, where the rinsing is with water. [6] 6. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 1, where the drying is carried out mechanically at room temperature. [7] 7. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 1, where in deodorization the organic product (PO) that comes out through the upper side of the column (63) is channeled to a drip separator (7 ), and where in the droplet separator (7) there is a separation of the product into a vapor fraction (FV) and a liquid fraction (FL). [8] 8. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 7, wherein the steam fraction (FV) feeds the steam boiler (9). [9] 9. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 7, where the liquid fraction (FL) feeds an isothermal tank (8) where the liquid fraction (FL) is separated by decantation in an aqueous phase (FA) and an organic phase (FO) comprising organic compounds and dissolved water [10] 10. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 9, where the aqueous phase (FA) feeds the steam boiler (9). [11] 11. Procedure for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 9, where the organic phase (FO) feeds a separator (10) where a part of water (FO-2) is separated from the rest of organic compounds (FO -1). [12] 12. System for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials with which the process according to the previous claims is carried out, characterized in that it comprises: an identification separation plant (1) through which the plastic with VOCs (P-VOCs) enters; a crusher (2) for reducing the size of the plastic material; a washing tank (3), for chemical washing of the crushed material with surfactant; a rinse tank (4), for rinsing the washed material; a mechanical dryer (5), for drying the rinsed material; and a deodorization module (MD) comprising: - a distillation column (6) through which the dry material enters, where the organic components of the plastic material are extracted by steam entrainment (V), and through which the VOCs and odors free plastic (PL) leaves; - a droplet separator (7) that receives the organic product (PO) extracted by steam entrainment; - an isothermal tank (8) that receives a liquid fraction (FL) obtained from the droplet separator (7); - a separator (10) that receives a part of the organic phase (FO) from the isothermal tank (8); and - a steam boiler (9) feeding steam (V) to the distillation column (6); and that receives a vapor fraction (FV) from the droplet separator (7) and an aqueous phase (FA) from the isothermal tank (8). [13] 13. System for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 12, wherein the grinder (2) is a blade grinder or a cryogenic mill. [14] 14. System for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 12, where the washing tank (3) is an agitated tank. [15] 15. System for the elimination of odors in recycled plastic materials, according to claim 12, where the separator (10) is a distillation column, a hydrophobic membrane or a combination of these.
类似技术:
公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题 ES2621228T3|2017-07-03|Procedure and device for separating individual valuable materials from mixed plastic waste, in particular crushed ES2860944T3|2021-10-05|Procedure for forming a solid fuel composition from mixed solid waste US5024770A|1991-06-18|Waste separating, processing and recycling system KR100351785B1|2002-11-08|Methods for removing contaminants from polymers KR20170091606A|2017-08-09|Solid fuel composition formed from mixed solid waste ES2448956T3|2014-03-17|Procedure for conditioning and detoxification of a material ES2866164T3|2021-10-19|Method for the processing of waste generated by the recycling of paper from used beverage cartons and corresponding processing line US5368796A|1994-11-29|Process and apparatus for regenerating used articles of polyolefin to reusable raw material KR20130013445A|2013-02-06|The apparatus and medoth being to feed of using waste food ES2798049B2|2021-03-25|PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ODORS IN RECYCLED PLASTICS US6720467B2|2004-04-13|Polystyrene reclamation process US20150218478A1|2015-08-06|System to dry, condense and sterilize waste materials for reuse KR101408337B1|2014-06-17|Exhaust reduction device for recycling systems ES2835344A1|2021-06-22|PROCEDURE FOR DECONTAMINATION OF RECYCLED PLASTIC | US20100236580A1|2010-09-23|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REMOVING PCBs FROM SYNTHETIC RESIN MATERIALS JP2819209B2|1998-10-30|Improved recycling method for plastic waste made of styrenic synthetic resin KR20140029852A|2014-03-11|Measured rate-gabage reduction drying apparatus using vapor recycling system JP4747366B2|2011-08-17|Separating and collecting plastic waste JP4021840B2|2007-12-12|Styrofoam recycling equipment WO2010086664A2|2010-08-05|Recycling KR100385735B1|2003-05-28|dry devive for food garbage ES2815558T3|2021-03-30|Enriched Wood Knot Powder Manufacturing Process KR200166529Y1|2000-02-15|The repractical treatment device of a gen eral garbage WO2016090445A1|2016-06-16|Simultaneous pulper and dryer for solids ES2563099B1|2016-09-14|Procedure of urban solid waste treatment
同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 ES2798049B2|2021-03-25| BR112021024355A2|2022-01-11| WO2020245476A1|2020-12-10|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 US5089091A|1988-12-29|1992-02-18|General Electric Company|Odor removal from polyphenylene ether resins by steam distillation| WO2002060270A1|2001-01-19|2002-08-08|The Nisshin Oillio, Ltd.|Phytosterol-containing edible fat composition with excellent storage stability and process for producing the same| WO2002065845A1|2001-01-19|2002-08-29|The Nisshin Oillio, Ltd.|Edible fat composition containing phytosterol and process for producing the same| WO2013072035A1|2011-11-14|2013-05-23|Borealis Ag|Removing volatile compounds from polymer granules by vapour distillation| DE19936874A1|1999-08-05|2001-02-22|Fraunhofer Ges Forschung|Process for the reduction of perceptible odor in the treatment of plastics with ionizing radiation| CN104552866A|2015-01-30|2015-04-29|山东道恩高分子材料股份有限公司|Process for producing low-odor modified plastic by employing azeotropic method| CN107627487A|2017-09-28|2018-01-26|王占舟|A kind of waste plastics cleaning method for reducing plastics taste|
法律状态:
2020-12-04| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2798049 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20201204 | 2021-03-25| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2798049 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20210325 |
优先权:
[返回顶部]
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 ES201930501A|ES2798049B2|2019-06-04|2019-06-04|PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ODORS IN RECYCLED PLASTICS|ES201930501A| ES2798049B2|2019-06-04|2019-06-04|PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR THE ELIMINATION OF ODORS IN RECYCLED PLASTICS| BR112021024355A| BR112021024355A2|2019-06-04|2019-12-04|Method for eliminating odors in recycled plastic materials and system for eliminating odors in recycled plastic materials with which the method is carried out| PCT/ES2019/070824| WO2020245476A1|2019-06-04|2019-12-04|Method and system for the elimination of odours in recycled plastics| 相关专利
Sulfonates, polymers, resist compositions and patterning process
Washing machine
Washing machine
Device for fixture finishing and tension adjusting of membrane
Structure for Equipping Band in a Plane Cathode Ray Tube
Process for preparation of 7 alpha-carboxyl 9, 11-epoxy steroids and intermediates useful therein an
国家/地区
|